Rev.B.Zirsangliana (BCM)
Introduction:
Mizo Kristian theology chungchang kan sawi dawn a. Mizo Kristian theology chu eng ang chiah nge a nih a, engtianga kalpui zel tur nge anih tih te kan sawi hmain Theology chu enge a nih tih hi kan sawifiah hmasa ang.
1. Theology Chu enge ni?
Theology awmzia hi khawvel hun danglam chho zelah theologian-te’n an hrilhfiah dan leh kalpui dan pawh hi a danglam fo thin a, chuvangin tawngkam tawite a han hrilhfiah pawh a harsa angreng hle. A tawng bul atanga a awmzia kan hrilhfiah dawn chuan Greek tawnga theos (Pathian) tih leh logos (thu) tih atanga lo chhuak a ni a. “Pathian chanchin zirna” tihna a ni mai. Hei hi Kohhran hmasa hun laia an theologian-te hrilhfiah dan pawh a ni thin.
A Greek tawng lamah chuan Plato leh amah zirtirtu, Socrates te pawh khan theologia tih hi Greek ho Pathian te (gods) chungchang sawi nan an lo hmang daih tawh a. Kohhran hmasa hun laia hruaitu, Clement of Alexandria leh Origen te hun lai atang khan Theology tih tawngkam hi Trinity chungchang leh Lal Isua chungchang sawina atan an lo hmang chho daih tawh a ni. Athanasius a chuan theologia chu mihringin Pathian kan hriat dan (knowledge of God) hi a ni mai a ti a. Augustine a pawhin Pathian chungchang sawina bikah a dah a, hetiang tho hian Medieval theologian, Thomas Aquinas pawh khan Pathian chanchin zirna (science of God) tiin a hrilhfiah.
Hmasang theologian-te zingah chuan Peter Abelard leh Anselm a te hrilhfiahna hi a chhinchhiah tlak hle. Peter Abelard a khan Theology chungchanga a ngaihdan a sawinaah chuan “Ka rin hmain ka hrechiang hmasa tur a ni (I must understand before I can believe)” a ti a. St. Anselm ve thung chuan Theology chu “Rinna atanga Pathian hriatchian tumna (Faith seeking understanding)” a ni tiin a hrilhfiah thung. Theologian-te reng reng hi hemi hrilhfiahna pahnih ah hian a engemaw zawk lamah hian an Theology kalpui dan pawh a ni tlangpui thin.
Tawitea kan hrilhfiah dawn chuan Theology chu Pathian nihna leh a hnathawh chungchang te, a thilsiam tinreng te nen a inlaichinna te leh mihringin a laka kan mawhphurhna chungchang zawng zawng te hi a ni. Hei vang hian Theology kan han tih hian zirna kawng hrang hrang; history, science, philosophy, sociology, anthropology etc. te hi a keng tel nghal vek a ni kan ti thei ang.
2. Mizo Kristian Theology
Mizo Kristian theology kan han tih hian a sawi tum ber chu tuna Mizoram kohhran ho te Pathian thu kalpui dan(theology) tlangpui hi a ni. ‘Pathian thu kalpui dan’ kan han tih ah pawh hian thil inang tlanglo, Pathian thu kan pawm dan leh hrilhfiah dan inang tlanglo tam tak erawh a awm thei bawk ang. Amaherawhchu an inan tlanna leh a khaikhawmtu chu evangelicalism hi a ni. Mizo kristian theology chu enge a nih tih hi chipchiarin i han sawi chho dawn teh ang.
2.1. Missionary Theology a ni
Mizo Kristian theology chu Missionary theology a ni. Hei hi Mission theology nen ngaihpawlh loh tur a ni. Missionary theology a ni kan han tih hian Zosap Missioanry-te’n an Theology rawn luh pui kalphung kha a la ni reng a ni tihna a ni. Tun thlenga Zoram Kristian te’n Pathian thu kan kalpui dan chu zosap missionary-te Pathian thu rawn ken leh an sukthlek ah khan a la innghat thui em em a. Zosap missionary te’n kan ram leilung an rawn rah atang khan Kum za zet chu a liam ta. Kan nunah leh Kohhranin a thil tawnah thil tam tak a danglam tawh a, kan theology kalpui erawh danglam a awm lem lo. Missionary theology kha kan la vawng nung reng a ni. He theology hi eng ang theology nge a nih a, eng ang khawvel atanga lo piang chhuak nge a nih tih hre chiang tur chuan zosap missionary te lo chawr chhuahna (background) kha kan chhui chian hmasak a ngai a, chumi atang chuan thil a nihphung dik tak a lang chiang dawn a ni.
2.2. Missionary te Background
Missionary te background kan han tih hian thil tam tak a keng tel a, an chawr chhuahna Kohhran nun(Ecclesiatical background), an Pathian thu pawm dan(Theological background), an khawtlang nunphung leh an ei leh bar dinhmun (Economic & Socio-Cultural background) te hi an ni vek a ni.
2.2.1. Kohhran lam (Ecclesiatical background)
India rama foreign missionary lo kal te kha Pietist-puritan in a hrinchhuah te an ni a. Hei vang hian Kohhran hrang hrang a mi ni bawk mahse in an tlanna tak an nei bawk. Nirmal Minz chuan “Evangelical Protestant missionaries India rama rawn kal te kha Pietistic background-atanga lo chhuak te an ni vek a ni” a ti a. O.L.Snaitang pawhin “Pietistic movement leh Europe leh USA lama evangelism lama harhtharna (evangelical awakening) in a hrin chhuah an ni” a ti bawk. Daniel Jeyaraj sawi angin, Pietism-kha lo chhuak ta lo sela chuan Europe-ram atanga missionary tam tak an tirh chhuah (cross-cultural mission) kha a thleng kher lovang. Pietism-khan a Pathian thu kalpui danah mimal nun a tinzawn hle a, chu mimal nun a an daihriat (experience) te chu a la hre ve lo, midang te hnena puanchhuah duhna pawh a keng tel bawk. Mimal nuna piantharna leh rinna (personal faith) bakah hian Kohhran din lam te pawh an sawi uar hle.
2.2.2. Theological Background
Chhim leh hmara Zosap missionary te kha Mizorama an awm chhungin, tumah Theology mumal taka duanga ziak an awm hran lo. Amaherawh chu an Pathian thu kalpui dan (theology) erawh an background atang bawkin a chiang hle. Theology an rawn put luh ber chu Reformation theology a ni. Kohhran hun kaltawh kan thlir letin, 19th century-a western protestant church ho zingah an theology kalpui ber chu Reformation Theology a ni a, Zosap missionary te pawh kha he Protestant tradition-hnuaia seilian hi an ni. Khatih hun laia khawthlang ram Kohhran hote khan Lutheran leh Calvinistic tradition an zui tlangpui bawk. Hranghlui Pastor Zairema khan hetiang hian a sawi:
Missionary te kha Reformation-rilru leh theology te hian a kaihruai hle a, Bible thu pawh anih anga zawm tlat duhna an nei a, Pathianni te pawh Sabbath ang main an serh thin a ni.
Kum zabi 16 na hun laia Reformation lo thlengah khan Reformer ho; Martin Luther (1483-1546), Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531), John Calvin (1509-1564) leh midang te pawh Pathian thua an ngaihdan zawng zawng chu a inang vek kher lo. Amaherawhchu an thupui kalpui ber leh an in an tlanna (decisive theme) chu Rinna avanga thiamchanna (Justification by faith) tih hi a ni thin a ni. Reformtion-hunlaia Reformer-hote Pathian thu pawm dan leh an thu sawi uar tlangpui chu hetiang hian kan khaikhawm thei ang;
a) Mihring te hi suala tlu chhe der tawh kan ni a, kan chhandamna atan mihringin engmah tih theih kan nei lo.
b) Mihring leh pathian a inrem leh theihna kawng awmchhun chu Isua Krista kaltlangin a ni.
c) Mihring thiltih hian chhandamna kan chan theihna tur atan tangkaina a nei lova, chhandamna chu pathian khawngaihna avang chauh a ni.
d) Kohhran hi Bible chungah a awm tur a nil ova, Bible hian Kohhran nihphung leh a tih tur chu a hrilhfiah anga, a siam that ngai chu a siam tha zawk tur a ni.
Zoram Kohhran te hian he reformation theology hi kan chhawm hle a. Chhim lam Kohhranah chuan tunhma lama Tirhkoh te Pastor ni thei tur a examination-an neih tir thin lai khan ‘Reformation Theology’ tih hi an zirlai a tan a subject pakhatah an ruat nghe nghe a ni.
2.2.3. Economic & Socio-Cultural background
Kum zabi 18-na tir lam atang khan England lam atangin Industrial Revolution a rawn in tan chhova. Kum 1760 bawr chho atang khan Kut a thilsiam (Handicrafts) lam chu khawl hmanga thil siam (Industrial products) in a rawn thlak chhova, thilsiamna hmun tak te te (cottage industry) te chu Factory-lianah an inhlang chho tan ta a ni. Thomas New Comen siam chhuah, steam engine (1705) te pawh kum 1720 bawr chhovah te kha chuan an hmang nasa tawh hle. John Kay-an flying shuttle a siam (1733) leh Lewis Paul leh John Wyatt te pahnihin kum 1741 ah khan an rawn ti hmasawn leh a. James Hargreaves siam chhuah, spinning jenny chu kum 1767 ah khan mumal takin an hralh chhuak tawh a, Kum 1882 ah Thomas Edison-hmuhchuah, Electric bulb an lo hmang tan ta a, Alenxander Graham Bell-an Telephone a siamchhuah (1876) te chuan mihring khawsak phung pawh a tidanglam nasa hle. Science lama hmasawnna leh khawl lam an hmuh chhuah te chuan nasa takin industry leh economy-lama hmasawnna te a rawn thlen chho a ni. Heng industry lama hmasawnna nasa tak hian England ram chu economy lama chakna (economic power) a neih tir a, an hausa in an ropui hle a ni.
An sumdawnna in hma a sawn zel na tur atan ram zauh a ngai a, hei hian British imperialism (ramdang hnehchhuhna) pawh a hring chhuak lo thei lo a ni. khawvel ram hrang hrangah ram pawh an zauh nasa hle a. India ram ngei pawh British colony pakhat a ni. Khawvel indopui pahnihna (1939-1945) hma lamah kha chuan khawvel ram ropui zawk te’n ram leilung hausakna an it vang leh sumdawnna huang zauh an duh avang in ram chaklo zawk te an hneh a, an awp bet (colonised) zui thin a ni. Hetih hunlai hian khawvel culture dang an hmu nep a, western culture kalphung ang a nih loh chuan mimawl leh changkanglo (uncivilized) anga ngaihna an nei lian hle a ni. Hnamdang zinga rawng an bawl pawhin an Kristianna kalphung chu Western ho Kristianna kalphung zui tir ngei kha thil nih dan tura ngaihna an nei lian hle. Khang hun lai khan an awpbeh (colonized) ram te chu an rilru pawh an awpbet (colonized) nghal zel a ni kan ti thei ang. Hei hi Mizorama zosap te rawngbawlna a tang pawh khan a chiang hle a ni.
3. Zir chianna (Critical analysis)
Thil reng reng, theology a ni emaw, thil dang a ni emaw, a thatna leh that lohna lai hre chiang tur chuan dawngsawng leh pawm satliah mai lova zirchianna (critical analysis) kan neih hi a ngai fo thin. Missionary te theology tun thlenga kan kalpui mek pawh hi mumal tak a zirchianna kan la nei tam lo hle a ni. Zirchiang (analyse) tih hi hnawlna tih lam a kawk chuang lova, hriatchian tuma beihna angah ngai mai tur a ni bawk ang. Hetiang hian a thatna lai leh thatlohna lai kan thlir tawn ve ve dawn a ni.
3.1. A thatna lam (Positive Aspects)
3.1.a. Pathian pawlna nun (Devotion Life)
Pietism movement-in a hrin chhuah thil tha tak chu mimal nun a Pathian pawlna nun a dah pawimawh tlat hi a ni. Bible ah pawh Pathian mi te tih thin dan leh an chakna ber a nih thu hmun tam takah kan hmu thin a. Hemi tel lo hi chuan kristian nun pawh a nih tur ang a ni zo ngai lo a ni. Rawngbawltu leh Theologian te zingah pawh Pathian thu tha tak tak te ziakin sawi thin mahse, hei hi an kal san emaw, an ngaihthah emaw anih chuan Kristian nun leh rawngbawlna chu anih tur ang a famkim thei ngai lovang.
3.1.b. Nun invawn ulukna (Personal holiness)
A hma lama kan tarlan tawh angin Pietistic movement-in a ngaih pawimawh tak mai chu mimal nun in vawn ulukna lam hi a ni. Hei hi zosap missionary te hunlai pawh khan Kohhran hmasa an inkaihhruai dan atang khan a lang chiang hle a ni.
3.1.d. Chanchin Tha puan darhna (Evangelism)
Pietist-puritan movement in a hrin chhuah thil tha tak leh bible thu em em mai chu Chanchin Tha puandarh tul tihna (zeal for evangelism) hi a ni. A hma lama kan sawi tawh ang khan 16th century Pietistic movement-avang hian hmun kilkhawr tak tak a mi te pawhin Chanchin Tha kan dawn phah a ni. Evangelism-veina rilru hi Zoram Kohhranah pawh nghet tak a tuh in a awm a, Kohhran a din tirh phat atangin helamah hian ke pawh kan pen nghal a, a lawmawm hle a ni.
3.1.e. Bible thu dah chungnunna (Authority of the Bible)
Reformation a lo thlen hma kha chuan Roman Catholic Kohhran kalphungah Kohhran in an dah chungnung em em mai a, khatih hun lai kha Enthronement of the Church (Kohhran, chungnung bera dah hun lai) tiin an sawi hial thin a ni. Bible chungah Kohhran hi an dah a, Bible thu pawh Kohhranin a duh ang angin a hrilhfiah thei a ni an ti thin. Reformation hun a lo thlen khan Martin Luther leh reformer dang te chuan Bible hi Kohhran chungah a awm zawk tur a ni an ti a, Enthronement of the Bible-an tih hun kha a lo inherchhuak ve leh ta a ni. He Reformation-Pathian thu pawmdan rawn chhawmtu te an nih avang hian Bible thu an dah chungnung hle a, he rilru hi vawiin thleng pawh hian kan la chhawm nung reng a ni tih hi phat rual a ni lovang.
3.2. A thatlohna (Negative Aspects)
3.2.a. Tisa leh thlarau lam thil lak hranna (Dichotomy of flesh and spirit)
Missionary te kha an background kan tarlan tawh angin, Pietist-puritan movement in a hrinchhuah te an ni a. Pietist-puritan movement khan thil tha tam tak a hrinchhuah laiin, an Pathian thu kalpui dana thil tha lo tak chu, Tisa leh thlarau lam thil an then hrang nasa lutuk kha ani. Tisa leh thlarau lam thil then hran (Dichotomy of flesh and spirit) hi Bible thu atang pawhin a tulna chu a awm ngei mai. Mahse hemi sawi uar lutuk hian Pathian thu hi a theory-ang chauhvah a chantir a, a taka kan mihring nunin a thil tawn mek nen hian a inmil lo leh fo thin a ni. Pathian thu kan kalpui danah hian khawvelah kan la cheng rih a ni tih hre reng chunga thil kan thlir thiam a tul hle.
Tisa leh thlarau lam thil thenhran lutukna hian hrinchhuah tha lo tak a nei a ni. Mizo Kristian tam tak chu Kohhran lam thilah nuam ti tak leh tui taka an in hman laiin Kohhran pawn lamah chuan corruption te leh kawng danga thilsual tih hi kan pawisalo leh mai thin a. Hei hi Kohhran thil (thlarau lam thil) leh tisa thil a dah hran lutuk vang a ni. Mi tam tak chuan a pianthar loh vang kan ti ngei ang. Mahse a bul takah chuan kan Pathian thu thlir dan hian a hril thui em em a ni.
Saint Augustine (A.D. 354–430) khan theology lama lehkhabu lar ber zinga mi tia sawi theih tur, City of God (Pathian khawpui) tih chu kum 413-426 AD ah khan a ziak a. He lehkhabuah hi Pathian khawpui leh he khawvel ram danglam dan a sawina a ni. Augustine hian Kohhran leh State-danglam zia te a tarlang a, Pathian khua leh tui nih nge kan duha khawvel mi tih a zawhna pawh a ni bawk. Augustine a thuziak nen in zul takin Reformer-ropui tak, Martin Luther (1483-1546) khan Two kingdoms (Lalram pahnih) tih a ziak bawk. Heng thuziak te hian Kohhran/thlarau lam thil leh khawvel thil then hranna kawngah pawh mi rilru a kaihruai thui hle a, heng theologian te’n an sawi dan bak pawh hian a kaihruai a ni kan ti thei ang.
3.2.b. Mihring laipuia hmanna ( Anthropocentrism )
Pietist-puritan movement in a hrinchhuah theology a langsar tak mai chu mihring laipui ber a hmanna (anthropocentrism) hi a ni bawk. Pathian hnathawh a thlirna ah engkim mai hian mihring hi a tinzawn vek mai a, thilsiam dang te tan chuan hmun a awm lo em em thin. Genesis 1:28 behchhanin, thilsiam dang te chu mihringin a duh duha a hman (exploit) tur anga ngaihna a lian em em bawk. Hei hi England rama industrial revolution leh economy lama duh tawk awm lova hmasawn an duhna rilru nen pawh khan a kal dun hle.
3.2.c. Lei piah ram ngaihna ( Other worldliness )
Tun thlenga kan theology-a la langsar berte zing ami chu ‘Lei piah ram ngaihna’ hi a ni. Kan hla tuipui ber ber leh kan lunglenna ber te pawh heti lam hi a ni thin. Hei hi Western Christian-ho nen kan danglamna lai tak ni pawhin a lang. Anni pawhin helam hawi zawng hla te hi nei ve bawk mahse, an tuipui ber ni chuan a lang lo. Bible thu atang pawhin thlarau khawvel chu kan beisei tur chu a ni ngei mai. Mahse, helam ringawt ngaihtuahna leh sawi uar lutukna hian he khawvel ah a chhe lai siamthatu ni tur a koh kan nihna min hlamchhiah tir a, khawvel nihphung tur reng a ngaihna min neih tir hle thin a ni.
3.2.d. Indah chungnunna rilru (Imperialist mindset)
An chawr chhuahna (background) in a zir bawk a, culture dang reng reng, western culture-nena inmil lo chu an hnawl mai zel thin. Culture dang an hmu hniam hle a. Keini, Tribal culture-a kan tradition leh tribal ethics tha tak tak te pawh Pathian thu lama min sengluh sak (theologise) lovin, puithuna atthlak a min ngaih tir kha a pawi hle a ni. Puma zai lo chhuak te kha Kohhran hruaitu hmasa te kha chuan Setana hnathawh ang maiah an ngai a. Tunlai thangthar mithiam then khat te chuan counter cultural movement-ah an ngai ve thung tawh a ni.
4. Theology mamawh dik tak zawnna (in search of a Relevant Theology)
Theolgian lar tak, John Macquairrie chuan “Theology in mipui mamawh dik tak a pe zo tawh lo a nih chuan Theology thar a thlak a ngai tawh tihna a ni” a ti a, he thu hi a dik hle. Theology chuan tun hun a mipui te’n an nunah harsatna kawng hrang hrang a an tawh thin te chu a hmachhawnpui zo lo a nih chuan Pathian thu kalpui dan danglam an mamawh tawh tihna a ni. Theology mawmawh dik tak leh kawng thar zawnna chungchang kan sawi dawn a. Hemi chungchangah hian kan rilru a zawhna pawimawh tak awm thei chu, Theology chu thlak theih a ni em? tih hi a ni.Theological Liberalism-hunlai khan Liberal theologian te ngaihdanah chuan theology dik leh pawmtlak chu englai maha danglam theilo leh khawi hmunah pawh hmantlak anga ngaihna an nei lian em em thin. Mahse hei hi tunah chuan theologian ho te’n an pawm thei tawh lo. Theology chu a pangngai reng lova, a danglam thin a ni. Hei hi Kohhran history atangin a chiang hle a, Kohhran hun kal tawh ah khan theology chi hrang hrang a lo chhuak tawh thin a. Theology chu a thlak theih tihna a nih chu.
Kan han sawi tak ang khan tuna Mizo kristian te’n kan theology kalpui mek ah pawh hi a thatna lai sawitur a awm laiin a famkimlohna leh thuamthat a ngaihna a awm a ni tih a lang chiang hle. Theology chu Kohhran leh Pathian inkara palai hna thawktu a ni a, kan Theology in min hawipui lam apiang chu Kohhran hawilam leh rawngbawlna kawnga kan chet chhuah dan hriltu pawh a ni zel dawn a ni. Hei vang hian Pathian ram a taka a lo lan fiah deuh deuh theihna tur chuan kan theology chu kan thlir nawn a, kan thuam that a ngaihna a awm tlat a ni. Tun hunah hian Mizo Kristian te sukthlek leh khawsak dinhmun te thlir chungin Theology tun hun atana kan mamawh ni a lang chu hetiang hian han duang ta ila;
4.1. Contextual Theology a ni tur a ni
Mizo Kristian theology Mizo rama Kohhran te mamawh dik tak petu a nih dawn chuan chu Mizo Kristian theology chu Contextual Theology a nih a ngai a ni. Theology chu a dawngsawngtu leh a hmangtu mipui/Kohhran te nun nen inzawmna nghet tak a neih a ngai thin. Kan hnam nunzia leh vawiin hun ngei a kan khawtlang nihphung dik tak (socio-political reality) te hi ngun takin kan thlir anga, chumi mil (addressing the context) chuan, Bible thu a innghatin theology kan duan a tul a ni. K.Thanzauva chuan contextual Theology chungchang hi hetiangin a sawi a, a dik hle;
Ram hnuaihnung (Third world)a Kristian te hi Foreign missionary-te khan mahni kut kea ding thei (self-supporting), mahni ngeiin Chanchin Tha hril ve thei (self-propagating) leh mahni a inrelbawl thei (self-governing) turin min zirtir a, keimahni ngeiin mahni Theology duang ve (self-theologizing) tur erawh chuan min zirtir lo a ni. Ram hnuaihnung (Third world) hote zingah Contextual Theology a rawn zi chhuak ta hi Kohhran ho te’n puitlin lam kan pan mek a ni tih tarlang tu a ni.
Theology reng reng, a dawngsawngtu culture-tana fiah tak leh an nitin nun in a thil tawn mek nen a inzawm tlat theology anih loh chuan Pathian ram hi a takin a langfiah ngai lovang.
4.2. Huapzo Theology (Holistic theology) a nih a ngai
A hma lama kan sawi rik tawh angin Western missionary-te theology tun thlenga kan la vawn nun mek hi mihring nun tinzawn bik em em mai (anthropocentric theology) a ni a. Pathian hmangaihna leh a hnathawh chungchang kan sawi pawh hian mihring ah hian a tawp fo thin a. Thilsiam dangte laka mawhphurhna nei kan nihna te pawh Bible ah chuang reng mahse kan sawi ri mang lova, ngaihthlak pawh nuam kan ti lemlo hle. Tunah chuan Pathian thilsiam te nasa taka tih chereu (exploited) in an awm mek a ni tih hi kan hre theuh mai. Mizo kristian theology chuan Pathian hmangaihna ah leh a hnathawh ah hian mihring mai bakah thilsiam dang te pawh a khung len ve hi a ngai hle mai.
4.3. Chhuah zalenna (Liberation) thu puang chhuaktu ani tur a ni
Mizo Kristiante theology chu Theology, liberative tak a nih a ngai. Bible thu hi ngun taka kan chhiar chuan Thuthlung Thar leh Thuthlung Hlui ah pawh tisa leh thlarau nunah min hnuaichhiaha awmte (oppressed people), an mahni rap bettu te laka chhuah zalen hi Pathian thiltum laipui ber ani tih hi chiang takin kan hmu a ni. Thuthlung Hlui bu pumpui deuhthaw hi mi chaklo leh rahbeha awm te, hnuaichhiahtu (oppressive forces) lak ata Pathian in a chhanchhuahna thu a ni. Hemi chungchang thu hi zawlneite thuchah (message) laimu ber pakhat a ni fo thin (Isaia 59:14; Isaia 59:8; Mika 3:8; Hosea 5:11; Amosa 5:24; Habakuka 1:4; Zakaria 7:9 etc.). Mizo Kristian Theology chu piantharna leh mimal nun chhandamna thu ringawtah a tawp a nih chuan Lal Isua mission-a phawk chhuak zo lo tihna a ni ang.
Thuthlung Hlui zawlneite hun lai ang mai khan Mizoramah ngei pawh hian ram rorelna fello, duhamna avanga sual pawisak lohna te, dikna hlamchhhiahna te leh chung avanga mihring dinhmun inthlauhna te hi hai der rual a ni lo. Retheihna leh mihring dinhmun inthlau lutuk te hi thatchhiatna vang a ni satliah mai lova, ram leh khawtlang in relbawlna felfailo (unjust social structure) vang ani fo thin zawk a ni. Hei hi Bible thu ah pawh chiang takin kan hmu bawk.
Hmasang Zawlneite hunlaia an tawn ang tho kha tunah kan ramah ngei pawh hian kan tawng mek a ni. Heng hi khawvel nihphung tur reng alawm kan tih ringawt chuan a dik thei lovang. Bible thu ngun takin kan en anga; heng thil te hi zawlneite khan engtin nge an tih Lal Isua zirtirna leh rawngbawlna ah eng tin nge kan hmuh tih hi kan hmuhfiah a tul hle. Thuthlung Hlui zawlnei te’n Pathian hmingin huaisen takin roreltu leh mite huat pawh hlau lovin an dodal tlat thin ang khan theology chuan huaisen takin a puang chhuak thin tur a ni.
4.4. Inpumkhatna Theology(Ecumemnical Theology) a nih a ngai
Mizoram hi mihring tlem te chauh kan ni a, chuti chung chuan inpumkhat lam aiin inpumkhat loh lam hi kan pan tial tial niin a lang ta. Kohhran hrang hrang kan tam hle a. Heng Kohhran hrang hrangte inunauna leh thawhhona pawh a tha tawklo hle. Kohhran lam thil bakah chhim leh hmar in unauna pawh a tha lo tial tial a, mahni awmhmun te chauh ngaihtuah bikna(regionalism) pawh a lian tial tial a ni kan ti thei ang. Hei hi Zoram Kohhran hote nihphung tur a ni reng dawn anih chuan Pathian ram pawh anih tur angin a lang fiah zo dawn lo tihna a ni. Mizo kristian theology chuan he thil thalo tak kan hmachhawn mek hi a ngaih pawimawh a ngai a, helam hi a sawi ri ngailo anih chuan Mizoram dinhmun bik atan phei chuan a famkim tawklo hle tihna a ni dawn a ni. Chuvangin Mizo kristian theology chuan inpumkhatna hi Lal Isua mission-a nihna thu hi a ngai pawimawhin a puang chhuak tur a ni.
4.5. Fakna Theology a ni tur a ni
Zai leh lam hi Mizo culture a bet tlat a ni a. Mizo te hi kristian kan nih hma pawhin kan hlimna vawrtawp chu zai leh lam ho a ni thin tiin kan sawi thei ang. Tun thleng pawh hian Kohhranin harh tharna (revival) lam chungchang kan han sawi leh hemi atana ruahmanna kan siam te pawh a hlawhtlinna kan teh fo thinna leh kan thlen tum ram (goal) chu kan nunah enge a rah chhuah tih lam ai mah hian zai boruak a tha em tih hi a ni fo thin. Hnam naupang te kan ni a, kristian kan nihna pawh a la rei lutuk lo. Hei vang hian Kohhran thlarau nun hmasawnna kan beisei te pawh hi kan Kristian hma culture-duhsam ram khan kan rilru a kaihruai hle zawk tihna a ni em tih pawh hi ngaihtuah tham tak a ni. Engpawh chu ni rawh se, pathian fak leh chawimawina hi a Bible thu (Biblical) em em a, Mizo culture nen a inmil tak a ni bawk. Hei vang hian Mizo Kristian theology chu Fakna theology a nih a ngai ang.
A Evangelical-tur a ni
Kan sawi tawh angin Mizo Kristian te hi evangelical tradition-a seilian te kan ni. Pathian thu a kan ngaihtuahna leh Bible thu kan hrilhfiah dan te pawh a evangelical hle. Evangelical theology hian piantharna, Sual simna leh chanchin tha puan darh te hi a ngai pawimawh hle a. Heng te hi Bible thu nen a inmil em em bawk. Hei vang hian evangelical theology hi kan vawng nung tur a ni. Mahse Hyper evangelicalism (evangelical-uchuak) erawh a tha hauh lo. Hyper evangelicalism kalpuitu te hian a mawlmang thei ang bera Pathian thu kalpui an ching a, an mahni nuna Pathian thu an hriatthiam theih dan chauh hi Pathian thu emaw an ti thin a, an pawm dan ni lo chu midang ngaihdan reng reng an dodal bur thin. Hei hi Mizo kristian theology kalphung a tan a thlan awm lo hle a ni.
Evangelical tradition hi kan vawng nung ang. Mahse kan tarlan tawh ang khan kan zir chiang anga, a famkim tawklo lai chu kan thuam tha (reformulate) ang. A sawi rik ngai loh te pawh a sawi ri fo tawh anga, a ngaih pawimawh loh te pawh ngaih pawimawh nachang a hriat belh mai dawn tawh zawk tihna a ni.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bevans, Stephen B. Models of Contextual Theology: Faith and Culture. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1992.
Cairns, Earle E. Christianity Through The Centuries(Indian edition), Tiruvalla : Suvartha Bhavan, 2004.
Collins,S.J.,& Gerald O’ Edward G.Farrugia, A Concise Dictionary Of Theology. New York: Paulist Press, 1991.
Fabella, Virginia & sugirtharajah, eds. Dictionary of Third World Theologies.Maryknoll, New York : Orbis Books, 2000.
Hedlun E. & Paul Joshu Bakiaraj, Missiology for the 21st Century. New Delhi: ISPCK, 2004.
Kuiper, B. K. The Church In History,Grand Rapids, Michigan : WM.B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.,1998.
Macquairrie, John. Principles of Christian Theology. New York : Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1966.
Mursell, Gordon General ed., The Story Of Christian Spirituality. Oxford, England: Lion Publishing plc, 2001.
Pathil, Kuncheria & Dominic Veliath, An Introduction to Theology. Bangalore: Theological Publication, 2005.
Richardson, Alan. A Dictionary Of Christian Theology. London: SCM press Ltd, 1969.
Thanzauva, K. Theology of Community: Tribal Theology in the making. Aizawl : Mizo Theological Conference, 1997.
Zairema, God’s Miracle in Mizoram. Aizawl : Synod Press & Bookroom, 1978.
Zozam, Vol. 5. Issue No.20 (Jan 28-Feb 3, 2009).
Introduction:
Mizo Kristian theology chungchang kan sawi dawn a. Mizo Kristian theology chu eng ang chiah nge a nih a, engtianga kalpui zel tur nge anih tih te kan sawi hmain Theology chu enge a nih tih hi kan sawifiah hmasa ang.
1. Theology Chu enge ni?
Theology awmzia hi khawvel hun danglam chho zelah theologian-te’n an hrilhfiah dan leh kalpui dan pawh hi a danglam fo thin a, chuvangin tawngkam tawite a han hrilhfiah pawh a harsa angreng hle. A tawng bul atanga a awmzia kan hrilhfiah dawn chuan Greek tawnga theos (Pathian) tih leh logos (thu) tih atanga lo chhuak a ni a. “Pathian chanchin zirna” tihna a ni mai. Hei hi Kohhran hmasa hun laia an theologian-te hrilhfiah dan pawh a ni thin.
A Greek tawng lamah chuan Plato leh amah zirtirtu, Socrates te pawh khan theologia tih hi Greek ho Pathian te (gods) chungchang sawi nan an lo hmang daih tawh a. Kohhran hmasa hun laia hruaitu, Clement of Alexandria leh Origen te hun lai atang khan Theology tih tawngkam hi Trinity chungchang leh Lal Isua chungchang sawina atan an lo hmang chho daih tawh a ni. Athanasius a chuan theologia chu mihringin Pathian kan hriat dan (knowledge of God) hi a ni mai a ti a. Augustine a pawhin Pathian chungchang sawina bikah a dah a, hetiang tho hian Medieval theologian, Thomas Aquinas pawh khan Pathian chanchin zirna (science of God) tiin a hrilhfiah.
Hmasang theologian-te zingah chuan Peter Abelard leh Anselm a te hrilhfiahna hi a chhinchhiah tlak hle. Peter Abelard a khan Theology chungchanga a ngaihdan a sawinaah chuan “Ka rin hmain ka hrechiang hmasa tur a ni (I must understand before I can believe)” a ti a. St. Anselm ve thung chuan Theology chu “Rinna atanga Pathian hriatchian tumna (Faith seeking understanding)” a ni tiin a hrilhfiah thung. Theologian-te reng reng hi hemi hrilhfiahna pahnih ah hian a engemaw zawk lamah hian an Theology kalpui dan pawh a ni tlangpui thin.
Tawitea kan hrilhfiah dawn chuan Theology chu Pathian nihna leh a hnathawh chungchang te, a thilsiam tinreng te nen a inlaichinna te leh mihringin a laka kan mawhphurhna chungchang zawng zawng te hi a ni. Hei vang hian Theology kan han tih hian zirna kawng hrang hrang; history, science, philosophy, sociology, anthropology etc. te hi a keng tel nghal vek a ni kan ti thei ang.
2. Mizo Kristian Theology
Mizo Kristian theology kan han tih hian a sawi tum ber chu tuna Mizoram kohhran ho te Pathian thu kalpui dan(theology) tlangpui hi a ni. ‘Pathian thu kalpui dan’ kan han tih ah pawh hian thil inang tlanglo, Pathian thu kan pawm dan leh hrilhfiah dan inang tlanglo tam tak erawh a awm thei bawk ang. Amaherawhchu an inan tlanna leh a khaikhawmtu chu evangelicalism hi a ni. Mizo kristian theology chu enge a nih tih hi chipchiarin i han sawi chho dawn teh ang.
2.1. Missionary Theology a ni
Mizo Kristian theology chu Missionary theology a ni. Hei hi Mission theology nen ngaihpawlh loh tur a ni. Missionary theology a ni kan han tih hian Zosap Missioanry-te’n an Theology rawn luh pui kalphung kha a la ni reng a ni tihna a ni. Tun thlenga Zoram Kristian te’n Pathian thu kan kalpui dan chu zosap missionary-te Pathian thu rawn ken leh an sukthlek ah khan a la innghat thui em em a. Zosap missionary te’n kan ram leilung an rawn rah atang khan Kum za zet chu a liam ta. Kan nunah leh Kohhranin a thil tawnah thil tam tak a danglam tawh a, kan theology kalpui erawh danglam a awm lem lo. Missionary theology kha kan la vawng nung reng a ni. He theology hi eng ang theology nge a nih a, eng ang khawvel atanga lo piang chhuak nge a nih tih hre chiang tur chuan zosap missionary te lo chawr chhuahna (background) kha kan chhui chian hmasak a ngai a, chumi atang chuan thil a nihphung dik tak a lang chiang dawn a ni.
2.2. Missionary te Background
Missionary te background kan han tih hian thil tam tak a keng tel a, an chawr chhuahna Kohhran nun(Ecclesiatical background), an Pathian thu pawm dan(Theological background), an khawtlang nunphung leh an ei leh bar dinhmun (Economic & Socio-Cultural background) te hi an ni vek a ni.
2.2.1. Kohhran lam (Ecclesiatical background)
India rama foreign missionary lo kal te kha Pietist-puritan in a hrinchhuah te an ni a. Hei vang hian Kohhran hrang hrang a mi ni bawk mahse in an tlanna tak an nei bawk. Nirmal Minz chuan “Evangelical Protestant missionaries India rama rawn kal te kha Pietistic background-atanga lo chhuak te an ni vek a ni” a ti a. O.L.Snaitang pawhin “Pietistic movement leh Europe leh USA lama evangelism lama harhtharna (evangelical awakening) in a hrin chhuah an ni” a ti bawk. Daniel Jeyaraj sawi angin, Pietism-kha lo chhuak ta lo sela chuan Europe-ram atanga missionary tam tak an tirh chhuah (cross-cultural mission) kha a thleng kher lovang. Pietism-khan a Pathian thu kalpui danah mimal nun a tinzawn hle a, chu mimal nun a an daihriat (experience) te chu a la hre ve lo, midang te hnena puanchhuah duhna pawh a keng tel bawk. Mimal nuna piantharna leh rinna (personal faith) bakah hian Kohhran din lam te pawh an sawi uar hle.
2.2.2. Theological Background
Chhim leh hmara Zosap missionary te kha Mizorama an awm chhungin, tumah Theology mumal taka duanga ziak an awm hran lo. Amaherawh chu an Pathian thu kalpui dan (theology) erawh an background atang bawkin a chiang hle. Theology an rawn put luh ber chu Reformation theology a ni. Kohhran hun kaltawh kan thlir letin, 19th century-a western protestant church ho zingah an theology kalpui ber chu Reformation Theology a ni a, Zosap missionary te pawh kha he Protestant tradition-hnuaia seilian hi an ni. Khatih hun laia khawthlang ram Kohhran hote khan Lutheran leh Calvinistic tradition an zui tlangpui bawk. Hranghlui Pastor Zairema khan hetiang hian a sawi:
Missionary te kha Reformation-rilru leh theology te hian a kaihruai hle a, Bible thu pawh anih anga zawm tlat duhna an nei a, Pathianni te pawh Sabbath ang main an serh thin a ni.
Kum zabi 16 na hun laia Reformation lo thlengah khan Reformer ho; Martin Luther (1483-1546), Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531), John Calvin (1509-1564) leh midang te pawh Pathian thua an ngaihdan zawng zawng chu a inang vek kher lo. Amaherawhchu an thupui kalpui ber leh an in an tlanna (decisive theme) chu Rinna avanga thiamchanna (Justification by faith) tih hi a ni thin a ni. Reformtion-hunlaia Reformer-hote Pathian thu pawm dan leh an thu sawi uar tlangpui chu hetiang hian kan khaikhawm thei ang;
a) Mihring te hi suala tlu chhe der tawh kan ni a, kan chhandamna atan mihringin engmah tih theih kan nei lo.
b) Mihring leh pathian a inrem leh theihna kawng awmchhun chu Isua Krista kaltlangin a ni.
c) Mihring thiltih hian chhandamna kan chan theihna tur atan tangkaina a nei lova, chhandamna chu pathian khawngaihna avang chauh a ni.
d) Kohhran hi Bible chungah a awm tur a nil ova, Bible hian Kohhran nihphung leh a tih tur chu a hrilhfiah anga, a siam that ngai chu a siam tha zawk tur a ni.
Zoram Kohhran te hian he reformation theology hi kan chhawm hle a. Chhim lam Kohhranah chuan tunhma lama Tirhkoh te Pastor ni thei tur a examination-an neih tir thin lai khan ‘Reformation Theology’ tih hi an zirlai a tan a subject pakhatah an ruat nghe nghe a ni.
2.2.3. Economic & Socio-Cultural background
Kum zabi 18-na tir lam atang khan England lam atangin Industrial Revolution a rawn in tan chhova. Kum 1760 bawr chho atang khan Kut a thilsiam (Handicrafts) lam chu khawl hmanga thil siam (Industrial products) in a rawn thlak chhova, thilsiamna hmun tak te te (cottage industry) te chu Factory-lianah an inhlang chho tan ta a ni. Thomas New Comen siam chhuah, steam engine (1705) te pawh kum 1720 bawr chhovah te kha chuan an hmang nasa tawh hle. John Kay-an flying shuttle a siam (1733) leh Lewis Paul leh John Wyatt te pahnihin kum 1741 ah khan an rawn ti hmasawn leh a. James Hargreaves siam chhuah, spinning jenny chu kum 1767 ah khan mumal takin an hralh chhuak tawh a, Kum 1882 ah Thomas Edison-hmuhchuah, Electric bulb an lo hmang tan ta a, Alenxander Graham Bell-an Telephone a siamchhuah (1876) te chuan mihring khawsak phung pawh a tidanglam nasa hle. Science lama hmasawnna leh khawl lam an hmuh chhuah te chuan nasa takin industry leh economy-lama hmasawnna te a rawn thlen chho a ni. Heng industry lama hmasawnna nasa tak hian England ram chu economy lama chakna (economic power) a neih tir a, an hausa in an ropui hle a ni.
An sumdawnna in hma a sawn zel na tur atan ram zauh a ngai a, hei hian British imperialism (ramdang hnehchhuhna) pawh a hring chhuak lo thei lo a ni. khawvel ram hrang hrangah ram pawh an zauh nasa hle a. India ram ngei pawh British colony pakhat a ni. Khawvel indopui pahnihna (1939-1945) hma lamah kha chuan khawvel ram ropui zawk te’n ram leilung hausakna an it vang leh sumdawnna huang zauh an duh avang in ram chaklo zawk te an hneh a, an awp bet (colonised) zui thin a ni. Hetih hunlai hian khawvel culture dang an hmu nep a, western culture kalphung ang a nih loh chuan mimawl leh changkanglo (uncivilized) anga ngaihna an nei lian hle a ni. Hnamdang zinga rawng an bawl pawhin an Kristianna kalphung chu Western ho Kristianna kalphung zui tir ngei kha thil nih dan tura ngaihna an nei lian hle. Khang hun lai khan an awpbeh (colonized) ram te chu an rilru pawh an awpbet (colonized) nghal zel a ni kan ti thei ang. Hei hi Mizorama zosap te rawngbawlna a tang pawh khan a chiang hle a ni.
3. Zir chianna (Critical analysis)
Thil reng reng, theology a ni emaw, thil dang a ni emaw, a thatna leh that lohna lai hre chiang tur chuan dawngsawng leh pawm satliah mai lova zirchianna (critical analysis) kan neih hi a ngai fo thin. Missionary te theology tun thlenga kan kalpui mek pawh hi mumal tak a zirchianna kan la nei tam lo hle a ni. Zirchiang (analyse) tih hi hnawlna tih lam a kawk chuang lova, hriatchian tuma beihna angah ngai mai tur a ni bawk ang. Hetiang hian a thatna lai leh thatlohna lai kan thlir tawn ve ve dawn a ni.
3.1. A thatna lam (Positive Aspects)
3.1.a. Pathian pawlna nun (Devotion Life)
Pietism movement-in a hrin chhuah thil tha tak chu mimal nun a Pathian pawlna nun a dah pawimawh tlat hi a ni. Bible ah pawh Pathian mi te tih thin dan leh an chakna ber a nih thu hmun tam takah kan hmu thin a. Hemi tel lo hi chuan kristian nun pawh a nih tur ang a ni zo ngai lo a ni. Rawngbawltu leh Theologian te zingah pawh Pathian thu tha tak tak te ziakin sawi thin mahse, hei hi an kal san emaw, an ngaihthah emaw anih chuan Kristian nun leh rawngbawlna chu anih tur ang a famkim thei ngai lovang.
3.1.b. Nun invawn ulukna (Personal holiness)
A hma lama kan tarlan tawh angin Pietistic movement-in a ngaih pawimawh tak mai chu mimal nun in vawn ulukna lam hi a ni. Hei hi zosap missionary te hunlai pawh khan Kohhran hmasa an inkaihhruai dan atang khan a lang chiang hle a ni.
3.1.d. Chanchin Tha puan darhna (Evangelism)
Pietist-puritan movement in a hrin chhuah thil tha tak leh bible thu em em mai chu Chanchin Tha puandarh tul tihna (zeal for evangelism) hi a ni. A hma lama kan sawi tawh ang khan 16th century Pietistic movement-avang hian hmun kilkhawr tak tak a mi te pawhin Chanchin Tha kan dawn phah a ni. Evangelism-veina rilru hi Zoram Kohhranah pawh nghet tak a tuh in a awm a, Kohhran a din tirh phat atangin helamah hian ke pawh kan pen nghal a, a lawmawm hle a ni.
3.1.e. Bible thu dah chungnunna (Authority of the Bible)
Reformation a lo thlen hma kha chuan Roman Catholic Kohhran kalphungah Kohhran in an dah chungnung em em mai a, khatih hun lai kha Enthronement of the Church (Kohhran, chungnung bera dah hun lai) tiin an sawi hial thin a ni. Bible chungah Kohhran hi an dah a, Bible thu pawh Kohhranin a duh ang angin a hrilhfiah thei a ni an ti thin. Reformation hun a lo thlen khan Martin Luther leh reformer dang te chuan Bible hi Kohhran chungah a awm zawk tur a ni an ti a, Enthronement of the Bible-an tih hun kha a lo inherchhuak ve leh ta a ni. He Reformation-Pathian thu pawmdan rawn chhawmtu te an nih avang hian Bible thu an dah chungnung hle a, he rilru hi vawiin thleng pawh hian kan la chhawm nung reng a ni tih hi phat rual a ni lovang.
3.2. A thatlohna (Negative Aspects)
3.2.a. Tisa leh thlarau lam thil lak hranna (Dichotomy of flesh and spirit)
Missionary te kha an background kan tarlan tawh angin, Pietist-puritan movement in a hrinchhuah te an ni a. Pietist-puritan movement khan thil tha tam tak a hrinchhuah laiin, an Pathian thu kalpui dana thil tha lo tak chu, Tisa leh thlarau lam thil an then hrang nasa lutuk kha ani. Tisa leh thlarau lam thil then hran (Dichotomy of flesh and spirit) hi Bible thu atang pawhin a tulna chu a awm ngei mai. Mahse hemi sawi uar lutuk hian Pathian thu hi a theory-ang chauhvah a chantir a, a taka kan mihring nunin a thil tawn mek nen hian a inmil lo leh fo thin a ni. Pathian thu kan kalpui danah hian khawvelah kan la cheng rih a ni tih hre reng chunga thil kan thlir thiam a tul hle.
Tisa leh thlarau lam thil thenhran lutukna hian hrinchhuah tha lo tak a nei a ni. Mizo Kristian tam tak chu Kohhran lam thilah nuam ti tak leh tui taka an in hman laiin Kohhran pawn lamah chuan corruption te leh kawng danga thilsual tih hi kan pawisalo leh mai thin a. Hei hi Kohhran thil (thlarau lam thil) leh tisa thil a dah hran lutuk vang a ni. Mi tam tak chuan a pianthar loh vang kan ti ngei ang. Mahse a bul takah chuan kan Pathian thu thlir dan hian a hril thui em em a ni.
Saint Augustine (A.D. 354–430) khan theology lama lehkhabu lar ber zinga mi tia sawi theih tur, City of God (Pathian khawpui) tih chu kum 413-426 AD ah khan a ziak a. He lehkhabuah hi Pathian khawpui leh he khawvel ram danglam dan a sawina a ni. Augustine hian Kohhran leh State-danglam zia te a tarlang a, Pathian khua leh tui nih nge kan duha khawvel mi tih a zawhna pawh a ni bawk. Augustine a thuziak nen in zul takin Reformer-ropui tak, Martin Luther (1483-1546) khan Two kingdoms (Lalram pahnih) tih a ziak bawk. Heng thuziak te hian Kohhran/thlarau lam thil leh khawvel thil then hranna kawngah pawh mi rilru a kaihruai thui hle a, heng theologian te’n an sawi dan bak pawh hian a kaihruai a ni kan ti thei ang.
3.2.b. Mihring laipuia hmanna ( Anthropocentrism )
Pietist-puritan movement in a hrinchhuah theology a langsar tak mai chu mihring laipui ber a hmanna (anthropocentrism) hi a ni bawk. Pathian hnathawh a thlirna ah engkim mai hian mihring hi a tinzawn vek mai a, thilsiam dang te tan chuan hmun a awm lo em em thin. Genesis 1:28 behchhanin, thilsiam dang te chu mihringin a duh duha a hman (exploit) tur anga ngaihna a lian em em bawk. Hei hi England rama industrial revolution leh economy lama duh tawk awm lova hmasawn an duhna rilru nen pawh khan a kal dun hle.
3.2.c. Lei piah ram ngaihna ( Other worldliness )
Tun thlenga kan theology-a la langsar berte zing ami chu ‘Lei piah ram ngaihna’ hi a ni. Kan hla tuipui ber ber leh kan lunglenna ber te pawh heti lam hi a ni thin. Hei hi Western Christian-ho nen kan danglamna lai tak ni pawhin a lang. Anni pawhin helam hawi zawng hla te hi nei ve bawk mahse, an tuipui ber ni chuan a lang lo. Bible thu atang pawhin thlarau khawvel chu kan beisei tur chu a ni ngei mai. Mahse, helam ringawt ngaihtuahna leh sawi uar lutukna hian he khawvel ah a chhe lai siamthatu ni tur a koh kan nihna min hlamchhiah tir a, khawvel nihphung tur reng a ngaihna min neih tir hle thin a ni.
3.2.d. Indah chungnunna rilru (Imperialist mindset)
An chawr chhuahna (background) in a zir bawk a, culture dang reng reng, western culture-nena inmil lo chu an hnawl mai zel thin. Culture dang an hmu hniam hle a. Keini, Tribal culture-a kan tradition leh tribal ethics tha tak tak te pawh Pathian thu lama min sengluh sak (theologise) lovin, puithuna atthlak a min ngaih tir kha a pawi hle a ni. Puma zai lo chhuak te kha Kohhran hruaitu hmasa te kha chuan Setana hnathawh ang maiah an ngai a. Tunlai thangthar mithiam then khat te chuan counter cultural movement-ah an ngai ve thung tawh a ni.
4. Theology mamawh dik tak zawnna (in search of a Relevant Theology)
Theolgian lar tak, John Macquairrie chuan “Theology in mipui mamawh dik tak a pe zo tawh lo a nih chuan Theology thar a thlak a ngai tawh tihna a ni” a ti a, he thu hi a dik hle. Theology chuan tun hun a mipui te’n an nunah harsatna kawng hrang hrang a an tawh thin te chu a hmachhawnpui zo lo a nih chuan Pathian thu kalpui dan danglam an mamawh tawh tihna a ni. Theology mawmawh dik tak leh kawng thar zawnna chungchang kan sawi dawn a. Hemi chungchangah hian kan rilru a zawhna pawimawh tak awm thei chu, Theology chu thlak theih a ni em? tih hi a ni.Theological Liberalism-hunlai khan Liberal theologian te ngaihdanah chuan theology dik leh pawmtlak chu englai maha danglam theilo leh khawi hmunah pawh hmantlak anga ngaihna an nei lian em em thin. Mahse hei hi tunah chuan theologian ho te’n an pawm thei tawh lo. Theology chu a pangngai reng lova, a danglam thin a ni. Hei hi Kohhran history atangin a chiang hle a, Kohhran hun kal tawh ah khan theology chi hrang hrang a lo chhuak tawh thin a. Theology chu a thlak theih tihna a nih chu.
Kan han sawi tak ang khan tuna Mizo kristian te’n kan theology kalpui mek ah pawh hi a thatna lai sawitur a awm laiin a famkimlohna leh thuamthat a ngaihna a awm a ni tih a lang chiang hle. Theology chu Kohhran leh Pathian inkara palai hna thawktu a ni a, kan Theology in min hawipui lam apiang chu Kohhran hawilam leh rawngbawlna kawnga kan chet chhuah dan hriltu pawh a ni zel dawn a ni. Hei vang hian Pathian ram a taka a lo lan fiah deuh deuh theihna tur chuan kan theology chu kan thlir nawn a, kan thuam that a ngaihna a awm tlat a ni. Tun hunah hian Mizo Kristian te sukthlek leh khawsak dinhmun te thlir chungin Theology tun hun atana kan mamawh ni a lang chu hetiang hian han duang ta ila;
4.1. Contextual Theology a ni tur a ni
Mizo Kristian theology Mizo rama Kohhran te mamawh dik tak petu a nih dawn chuan chu Mizo Kristian theology chu Contextual Theology a nih a ngai a ni. Theology chu a dawngsawngtu leh a hmangtu mipui/Kohhran te nun nen inzawmna nghet tak a neih a ngai thin. Kan hnam nunzia leh vawiin hun ngei a kan khawtlang nihphung dik tak (socio-political reality) te hi ngun takin kan thlir anga, chumi mil (addressing the context) chuan, Bible thu a innghatin theology kan duan a tul a ni. K.Thanzauva chuan contextual Theology chungchang hi hetiangin a sawi a, a dik hle;
Ram hnuaihnung (Third world)a Kristian te hi Foreign missionary-te khan mahni kut kea ding thei (self-supporting), mahni ngeiin Chanchin Tha hril ve thei (self-propagating) leh mahni a inrelbawl thei (self-governing) turin min zirtir a, keimahni ngeiin mahni Theology duang ve (self-theologizing) tur erawh chuan min zirtir lo a ni. Ram hnuaihnung (Third world) hote zingah Contextual Theology a rawn zi chhuak ta hi Kohhran ho te’n puitlin lam kan pan mek a ni tih tarlang tu a ni.
Theology reng reng, a dawngsawngtu culture-tana fiah tak leh an nitin nun in a thil tawn mek nen a inzawm tlat theology anih loh chuan Pathian ram hi a takin a langfiah ngai lovang.
4.2. Huapzo Theology (Holistic theology) a nih a ngai
A hma lama kan sawi rik tawh angin Western missionary-te theology tun thlenga kan la vawn nun mek hi mihring nun tinzawn bik em em mai (anthropocentric theology) a ni a. Pathian hmangaihna leh a hnathawh chungchang kan sawi pawh hian mihring ah hian a tawp fo thin a. Thilsiam dangte laka mawhphurhna nei kan nihna te pawh Bible ah chuang reng mahse kan sawi ri mang lova, ngaihthlak pawh nuam kan ti lemlo hle. Tunah chuan Pathian thilsiam te nasa taka tih chereu (exploited) in an awm mek a ni tih hi kan hre theuh mai. Mizo kristian theology chuan Pathian hmangaihna ah leh a hnathawh ah hian mihring mai bakah thilsiam dang te pawh a khung len ve hi a ngai hle mai.
4.3. Chhuah zalenna (Liberation) thu puang chhuaktu ani tur a ni
Mizo Kristiante theology chu Theology, liberative tak a nih a ngai. Bible thu hi ngun taka kan chhiar chuan Thuthlung Thar leh Thuthlung Hlui ah pawh tisa leh thlarau nunah min hnuaichhiaha awmte (oppressed people), an mahni rap bettu te laka chhuah zalen hi Pathian thiltum laipui ber ani tih hi chiang takin kan hmu a ni. Thuthlung Hlui bu pumpui deuhthaw hi mi chaklo leh rahbeha awm te, hnuaichhiahtu (oppressive forces) lak ata Pathian in a chhanchhuahna thu a ni. Hemi chungchang thu hi zawlneite thuchah (message) laimu ber pakhat a ni fo thin (Isaia 59:14; Isaia 59:8; Mika 3:8; Hosea 5:11; Amosa 5:24; Habakuka 1:4; Zakaria 7:9 etc.). Mizo Kristian Theology chu piantharna leh mimal nun chhandamna thu ringawtah a tawp a nih chuan Lal Isua mission-a phawk chhuak zo lo tihna a ni ang.
Thuthlung Hlui zawlneite hun lai ang mai khan Mizoramah ngei pawh hian ram rorelna fello, duhamna avanga sual pawisak lohna te, dikna hlamchhhiahna te leh chung avanga mihring dinhmun inthlauhna te hi hai der rual a ni lo. Retheihna leh mihring dinhmun inthlau lutuk te hi thatchhiatna vang a ni satliah mai lova, ram leh khawtlang in relbawlna felfailo (unjust social structure) vang ani fo thin zawk a ni. Hei hi Bible thu ah pawh chiang takin kan hmu bawk.
Hmasang Zawlneite hunlaia an tawn ang tho kha tunah kan ramah ngei pawh hian kan tawng mek a ni. Heng hi khawvel nihphung tur reng alawm kan tih ringawt chuan a dik thei lovang. Bible thu ngun takin kan en anga; heng thil te hi zawlneite khan engtin nge an tih Lal Isua zirtirna leh rawngbawlna ah eng tin nge kan hmuh tih hi kan hmuhfiah a tul hle. Thuthlung Hlui zawlnei te’n Pathian hmingin huaisen takin roreltu leh mite huat pawh hlau lovin an dodal tlat thin ang khan theology chuan huaisen takin a puang chhuak thin tur a ni.
4.4. Inpumkhatna Theology(Ecumemnical Theology) a nih a ngai
Mizoram hi mihring tlem te chauh kan ni a, chuti chung chuan inpumkhat lam aiin inpumkhat loh lam hi kan pan tial tial niin a lang ta. Kohhran hrang hrang kan tam hle a. Heng Kohhran hrang hrangte inunauna leh thawhhona pawh a tha tawklo hle. Kohhran lam thil bakah chhim leh hmar in unauna pawh a tha lo tial tial a, mahni awmhmun te chauh ngaihtuah bikna(regionalism) pawh a lian tial tial a ni kan ti thei ang. Hei hi Zoram Kohhran hote nihphung tur a ni reng dawn anih chuan Pathian ram pawh anih tur angin a lang fiah zo dawn lo tihna a ni. Mizo kristian theology chuan he thil thalo tak kan hmachhawn mek hi a ngaih pawimawh a ngai a, helam hi a sawi ri ngailo anih chuan Mizoram dinhmun bik atan phei chuan a famkim tawklo hle tihna a ni dawn a ni. Chuvangin Mizo kristian theology chuan inpumkhatna hi Lal Isua mission-a nihna thu hi a ngai pawimawhin a puang chhuak tur a ni.
4.5. Fakna Theology a ni tur a ni
Zai leh lam hi Mizo culture a bet tlat a ni a. Mizo te hi kristian kan nih hma pawhin kan hlimna vawrtawp chu zai leh lam ho a ni thin tiin kan sawi thei ang. Tun thleng pawh hian Kohhranin harh tharna (revival) lam chungchang kan han sawi leh hemi atana ruahmanna kan siam te pawh a hlawhtlinna kan teh fo thinna leh kan thlen tum ram (goal) chu kan nunah enge a rah chhuah tih lam ai mah hian zai boruak a tha em tih hi a ni fo thin. Hnam naupang te kan ni a, kristian kan nihna pawh a la rei lutuk lo. Hei vang hian Kohhran thlarau nun hmasawnna kan beisei te pawh hi kan Kristian hma culture-duhsam ram khan kan rilru a kaihruai hle zawk tihna a ni em tih pawh hi ngaihtuah tham tak a ni. Engpawh chu ni rawh se, pathian fak leh chawimawina hi a Bible thu (Biblical) em em a, Mizo culture nen a inmil tak a ni bawk. Hei vang hian Mizo Kristian theology chu Fakna theology a nih a ngai ang.
A Evangelical-tur a ni
Kan sawi tawh angin Mizo Kristian te hi evangelical tradition-a seilian te kan ni. Pathian thu a kan ngaihtuahna leh Bible thu kan hrilhfiah dan te pawh a evangelical hle. Evangelical theology hian piantharna, Sual simna leh chanchin tha puan darh te hi a ngai pawimawh hle a. Heng te hi Bible thu nen a inmil em em bawk. Hei vang hian evangelical theology hi kan vawng nung tur a ni. Mahse Hyper evangelicalism (evangelical-uchuak) erawh a tha hauh lo. Hyper evangelicalism kalpuitu te hian a mawlmang thei ang bera Pathian thu kalpui an ching a, an mahni nuna Pathian thu an hriatthiam theih dan chauh hi Pathian thu emaw an ti thin a, an pawm dan ni lo chu midang ngaihdan reng reng an dodal bur thin. Hei hi Mizo kristian theology kalphung a tan a thlan awm lo hle a ni.
Evangelical tradition hi kan vawng nung ang. Mahse kan tarlan tawh ang khan kan zir chiang anga, a famkim tawklo lai chu kan thuam tha (reformulate) ang. A sawi rik ngai loh te pawh a sawi ri fo tawh anga, a ngaih pawimawh loh te pawh ngaih pawimawh nachang a hriat belh mai dawn tawh zawk tihna a ni.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bevans, Stephen B. Models of Contextual Theology: Faith and Culture. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1992.
Cairns, Earle E. Christianity Through The Centuries(Indian edition), Tiruvalla : Suvartha Bhavan, 2004.
Collins,S.J.,& Gerald O’ Edward G.Farrugia, A Concise Dictionary Of Theology. New York: Paulist Press, 1991.
Fabella, Virginia & sugirtharajah, eds. Dictionary of Third World Theologies.Maryknoll, New York : Orbis Books, 2000.
Hedlun E. & Paul Joshu Bakiaraj, Missiology for the 21st Century. New Delhi: ISPCK, 2004.
Kuiper, B. K. The Church In History,Grand Rapids, Michigan : WM.B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.,1998.
Macquairrie, John. Principles of Christian Theology. New York : Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1966.
Mursell, Gordon General ed., The Story Of Christian Spirituality. Oxford, England: Lion Publishing plc, 2001.
Pathil, Kuncheria & Dominic Veliath, An Introduction to Theology. Bangalore: Theological Publication, 2005.
Richardson, Alan. A Dictionary Of Christian Theology. London: SCM press Ltd, 1969.
Thanzauva, K. Theology of Community: Tribal Theology in the making. Aizawl : Mizo Theological Conference, 1997.
Zairema, God’s Miracle in Mizoram. Aizawl : Synod Press & Bookroom, 1978.
Zozam, Vol. 5. Issue No.20 (Jan 28-Feb 3, 2009).
A tha lutuk ringwt nangmah ngei khan Mizo Christian Theology chu lo duang la chuan ka lawm lutuk e.Tiang ang thuziak hi a tam thei ang berin Mizo te hian Google-ah chhiar tur nei i la a lawmawm ngawt ang.Lehkha chuan a tama,mahse a to thei lutuk a.Lo post zel rawh oo tianglam hi
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